The 39 neighbours are: back bad badge bag baht bait ban bang bash bass bast batch bath batteau batten batter battle beat bet bight bit boat boot bought bout brat but cat chat fat gnat hat mat pat rat sat tat that vat. It is in a dense neighbourhood of 40 according to the Washington University Speech Lab Neighborhood Database. The word ‘bat’ is a high neighbourhood density word. The words in a neighbourhood are based on one sound substitution (e.g., sat to pat, or sat to sit), one sound deletion (e.g., sat to at, or apse to App) or one sound addition (e.g., sat to scat, or back to black). They are said to reside in dense neighbourhoods. High neighbourhood density words are phonetically similar to many other words and have 11 or more neighbours. Low neighbourhood density words have 10 or fewer neighbours and are said to reside in sparse neighbourhoods. Low neighbourhood density words may be desirable treatment-words They are recognised faster by children than low frequency words. High frequency words occur often, e.g., come, go, good, look, one. High frequency words may be desirable treatment-words We can consider lexical properties in choosing treatment words, selecting those that occur with ‘high frequency’ or those with ‘low neighbourhood density’. Lexical Properties - Word Frequency & Density Advances in Speech-Language Pathology, 8(3), 245-256. A systemic perspective for assessment and intervention: A case study. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools, 32, 229-241. Complexity in phonological treatment: Clinical factors. Bowen, Children's speech sound disorders (2 nd ed.). The why and how of prioritizing complex targets for intervention. They may also take into account lexical properties in choosing treatment words.īaker, E. In a systemic approach, clinicians choose non-stimulable, later developing, phonetically more complex, and linguistically marked sounds, supported by least phonological knowledge. A systemic approach, or 'complexity approach' to treatment target selection, emphasises phonological restructuring of the sound system (Baker, 2015 Gierut, 2001 Williams, 2006b).Įxpected or 'predicted' changes, due to generalisation, are system-wide. When clinicians apply a traditional approach to treatment target selection their focus is on the phonetic level and the learnability of the individual sound. Systemic approach / 'Complexity approach' Go to the Maximal Oppositions (Minimal Pairs) page for maximally opposed / near maximally opposed pairs and related information. There are also worksheets for the adjuncts, /sp/, /st/ and /sk/. On this page you will find worksheets that draw on our knowledge of "systemic" or "complexity approaches", lexical properties, implicational relationships (markedness), the sonority sequencing principle (SSP), phonotactics (metrical stress and syllable structure) and natural phonological tendencies. If you find the free resources here useful, and would like to make your secure donation to the maintenance of this site, please click here, and then click on the DONATE BUTTON. Choose a pdf or pptx file download it once, and save it to a folder. Please avoid downloading the same file multiple times as it increases my bandwidth usage and drives up my costs. Please read this before downloading pdf or pptx files Restrictions that apply to their use are stated in the copyright notice. You are free to save them to your computer, to customize them to suit individual clients and to fit your service delivery model. SLPs/SLTs and students are invited to use these worksheets and other resources when working with children with speech sound disorders. For example, pairs like saw-shore, and spa-star are minimal pairs in Australian English and in other non-rhotic varieties of English, but not in rhotic dialects such as Canadian, Irish, Scottish and most US 'Englishes'. The vocabulary represents (non-rhotic) Australian English pronunciation, and although most of the words and minimal pairs will 'work' in other varieties of English you may need to discard some. The sheets were made in Microsoft Word, using copyright-free pictures from Microsoft Clip Art and Media, and other sources, and converted into portable document files (pdfs) with Adobe Acrobat. This resource page contains many picture-and-word work sheets intended for use in speech-language pathology intervention. Updated on Wednesday, 24 October 2018 14:25 Worksheets: Complexity Principles Natural Phonological Tendencies Lexical Properties, Markedness, SSP, Phonotactics and Facilitative Contexts Details
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